Acid reflux disease, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a chronic condition in which stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Normally, a muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents the contents of the stomach from flowing back up into the esophagus. However, in people with acid reflux disease, the LES may not function properly, allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus.
The main symptom of acid reflux disease is heartburn, which is a burning sensation or discomfort in the chest that can extend to the throat. Other symptoms may include regurgitation (the sensation of acid backing up into the mouth), difficulty swallowing, a sour taste in the mouth, chronic cough, hoarseness, or a feeling of a lump in the throat.
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of acid reflux disease. These include certain lifestyle habits (such as overeating, eating late at night, or consuming fatty and spicy foods), obesity, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, smoking, and certain medications. Some individuals may also have a genetic predisposition to the condition.
Treatment options for acid reflux disease include lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, losing weight if necessary, and elevating the head of the bed. Over-the-counter antacids and medications that reduce stomach acid production (such as H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors) can provide relief for milder cases. In more severe or persistent cases, a healthcare professional may recommend prescription medications or, in rare cases, surgery to strengthen the LES.
If you suspect you may have acid reflux disease, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
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